air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
in comparison to; rather than
low (rank, degree, value, content, quality, etc.); low (position); close to the ground; short (height); deep (voice); in a low key
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
to clear up; to clear away; to refresh (e.g. spirits); to be cleared (e.g. of a suspicion); to be dispelled; to be banished
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
to cover up the sky (e.g. smoke)
cloudy sky; overcast sky; cloudy weather
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
time; season; period; phase; stage
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
last night; yesterday evening
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
travel; trip; journey; excursion; tour
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that day; the very same day
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
landing; alighting; touch down
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
aeroplane; airplane; aircraft
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then