manure; night soil; dung; something that will help one develop in the future
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
skin; body (in the context of intimate bodily contact); surface; grain (e.g. of wood); disposition; temperament
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
exchange (e.g. cultural); interchange; interaction; alternating current; AC
setting the table; laying the table; setting up; getting one's ducks in a row; running interference
programme; program; plans; arrangements
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
Dutch studies; studies of Western knowledge
several years; a few years
to disappear (of people or animals); to go (away); to leave; to no longer exist
lukewarm; tepid; lenient; (arch.) slow; (arch.) stupid
to taste; to try (food or drink)
ago; since; before; previous
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
all night; throughout the night
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
poor; needy; lacking (quantity and quality-wise); poor; scanty
school; school building; schoolhouse
one's junior; younger generation; next generation; moving backwards; backing up; reversing
to support; to prop; to sustain; to hold at bay; to stem; to check
your native country; your hometown; my home country (i.e. Japan); countryside; country; (arch.) daimyo's territory (Edo period)
to shame the name (of); to blot the reputation (of)
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
height (of body); stature
to disdain; to look down on; to make light of; to hold in contempt; to scorn; to despise
foreign; abroad; overseas
restlessly; nervously; uneasily; in a fidget
envious; jealous; enviable (position, etc.)
tail (animal); tail end; tip
to rock; to shake; to swing
staunch; hardcore; dyed-in-the-wool; metal reinforcement
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
to accompany; to follow; to keep up with
to float; to be suspended; to rise to the surface; to appear; to come to mind; to have inspiration
curious onlookers; rubbernecks
astounding; tremendous; crazy; exorbitant