indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
full bloom (esp. of cherry blossom); full blossom
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to look up at; to raise one's eyes; to look up to; to admire; to respect
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
to mutter; to murmur; to grumble; to tweet (Twitter)
powerful; strong; forceful; reassuring; encouraging
ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
to spread one's roots (of a tree, etc.); to take root (of an ideology, etc.)
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
to the limit; to the full; as much as possible; with all one's might
counter for long, thin things (i.e. swords)
to grow long (e.g. hair, nails); to lengthen; to extend; to reach out; to hold out; to straighten; to smooth out
to go mad; to lose one's mind; to get out of order; to go amiss; to go wrong (of a plan or expectation, etc.); to fall through
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to blow (of the wind); to blow (one's breath); to breathe out; to play (a wind instrument); to blow (a whistle, trumpet, etc.); to emit (smoke, fire, etc.); to spout
time (three times, each time, etc.); times
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
far away; distant place; long ago; far back; by far
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to wield (a tool, etc.); to use
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
fleeting; transient; short-lived; empty (dream, etc.); mere (hope); faint (possibility)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
human being; human; person; character (of a person)