at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
large number (of); many; majority
use; application; employment; utilization; utilisation
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
poor (at); weak (in); not very good (at); not one's cup of tea; not one's favorite
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
option; selecting an option; optional extra; individual item; separate item; option
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
please (give me); please (do for me)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to wriggle; to squirm; to crawl like a worm
lump of meat; piece of flesh; human body
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
to be sticky; to be stringy; to be glutinous
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
three; three years of age
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to line up; to stand in a line; to rival; to match; to equal
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
cup (drinking vessel, measure, brassiere, prize, etc.)
to pour (into); to sprinkle on (from above); to water (e.g. plants); to shed (tears); to concentrate one's energy (strength, attention, etc.) on; to devote to; to flow into (e.g. of a river)
really (seem, appear, etc.); truly; evidently; in that way
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
to sniffle; to snuffle; to sob
while; during; while; although; all; both
shrill voice; piercing cry; shriek; scream
to groan; to moan; to roar; to howl; to hum (engine, wind, etc.); to buzz; to ooh and aah (in admiration)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
with the exception of; excepting; excluding
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to exchange (messages, greetings, arguments, etc.); to intersect; to cross; ... with one another; ... to each other
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
attention; notice; care; caution; advice; warning