indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
curtain raising; starting (e.g. play, concert)
time; hour; period; class
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
in the morning; during the morning
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be too much for one; to find unmanageable; to be beyond one's control; to not know what to do with
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
to go to see (something, someone); to visit
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
have a good day; take care; see you
unhurriedly; leisurely; slowly; relaxedly; taking one's time
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
I'm off; see you later; to go (and then come back)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to save up; to stockpile; to stash away; to hoard; to amass; to salt away
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
fan; enthusiast; lover (of); fan (e.g. electric)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
honorific/polite/humble prefix
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
thank you for your hard work; I appreciate your efforts
one's house; one's home; one's family
immunity; immunization; immunisation; being hardened (to); being unaffected (by); being accustomed (to)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
to look up at; to raise one's eyes; to look up to; to admire; to respect