blacksmithing; forging; smithery; blacksmith; smith
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (of China; 9-23 CE)
family business; family trade; one's occupation; one's trade
fashion (current) of the times; general drift of affairs
decline; degeneration; decay; waning; ebbing
original idea; originality
to do; to commit; to carry out; to bring about
many; much; plenty; hardly
large staple driven into two pieces of wood to hold them together; clamp; tie (metaphorical, e.g. something that binds two people together); latch; lock
three noble families (Kan'in, Kazan'in and Nakanoin or Koga); three branches of the Tokugawa family (Owari, Kii and Mito)
gloomy; melancholy; dreary; depressed; dismal
to cut off and throw away; to abandon; to disregard; to discard (numbers after a certain decimal place); to drop; to cut (someone) down
how much; how many; what amount; what extent
modernization; modernisation
revival; reconstruction; restoration; rebuilding; recovery; renaissance
presumptuous; impertinent; impudent; ridiculous; laughable; absurd
to abuse (verbally); to curse at; to shout abuse at; to speak ill of
to sprinkle water on (something); to spray water on; to splash water on; to hinder; to hamper; to stifle
unfavourably; unfavorably; disparagingly; insultingly; ill
to resign oneself (to); to reconcile oneself (to); to accept (e.g. defeat); to give up
self-abasement; self-depreciation; humility
manners; etiquette; polite behaviour
benefit; use; good; profit; gains
enjoyment (of freedom, beauty, etc.); reception (of a right, privilege, rank, etc.); having
to demand gratitude; to do something for someone in order to create an obligation of gratitude from that person
mystery; mysteriousness; secret
wicket gate; wooden door; entrance to an entertainment venue (i.e. sumo arena, etc.); barrier gate; checkpoint gate
reaction; response; reaction
troublesome; bothersome; tiresome; annoying
to envision how things will turn out (usu. unfortunate); to have foresight; to be able to see the future
fine split (e.g. in wood); hangnail
prickling; stinging; tingling
to comb (out); to card; to untangle (hair); to thin (hair); to reduce in volume
to shake; to waver; to tremble
(out of) desperation; (as a) last resort; (driven by) pain
easily; readily; with ease; without trouble
having serious consequences; costing dearly; cannot get away with it; for free; for nothing; easily
to track down; to locate; to find out; to smoke out; to ferret out; to chase up
to be wounded; to get injured; to get hurt feelings; to get damaged; to get chipped
to accomplish; to finish; to carry through; to follow through
to use up; to exhaust; to wear out
like this; in this way; as you see
poor; meagre; meager; feeble; scanty; shabby