culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
reformation; revolution; Meiji Restoration; Japan Innovation Party; Nippon Ishin no Kai
imperial loyalist samurai of the Bakumatsu-era; patriots; idealists willing to sacrifice themselves for the good of the nation
lower half of the body; nether parts
vulgar; indecent; coarse; crude
raising one's hand; show of hands (e.g. for a vote); salute
to declare; to speak out; to warn; to spit out (words)
point worthy of note; good point; part worth seeing; (signs of) promise; good prospects (for the future)
to defy; to disobey; to rebel against; to oppose; to resist
to strike back at; to bite back; to turn on; to rise against; to oppose; to defy
reliable; dependable; trustworthy; hopeful; promising
as soon as ...; just after ...; immediately after ...; hurriedly; in haste; quickly
popular person; favorite; favourite
bashing; fierce criticism; bussing; busing; removing dirty dishes from tables in a restaurant
common; shared; to be common (to); to be shared (by); -wide
reigning (over a country); dominating; controlling; dictating
study hard while you are young; (lit.) boys grow old easily but getting learned is harder
to rebuke strongly; to tell off
counter for (school) periods; nth period
no matter for; without regard to; whatever the ...
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to do ... completely; to do ... entirely
leaving out; omitting; skipping; (beating) in succession; in a row
to rebuke; to scold; to tell off; to question persistently (in order to criticize or find fault with someone)
mochi; small rice cake made from glutinous rice
learned society; scientific society; academy; academic meeting; academic conference
thesis; essay; treatise; paper; article
sweets (desserts, candy, etc.)
trying the food at various restaurants; eating tour; walking while eating; eating while walking
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
consideration; inquiry; enquiry; investigation; study
OK; okay; fine (without); not needed; unnecessary
one's student (esp. a former one); one's pupil; one's disciple
to be exhausted; to be tired out; to be worn out
exactly; precisely; just; just (like); as if; as though
end; finish; bound; limit; delivery date (of a futures contract); finale (of a noh song); end of an act (in jōruri or kabuki)
to tie; to fasten; to wear (necktie, belt); to put on; to total; to sum; to be strict with
usual; ordinary; normal; regular; general; common