indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
society; the world; the times
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
truth; reality; truly; really; absolute truth
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
ugly; unattractive; unsightly; unseemly
absurd; irrational; unreasonable; absurdity (philosophy)
to seize; to catch; to obtain; to acquire; to understand; to grasp
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
don't you think?; indicates question
to make the impossible possible; to accomplish the impossible
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
being too late; losing one's final chance
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
spine; line of the backbone; seam down the back (of clothing)
to crawl; to creep; to slither; to wriggle; to trail (of vines, flowers, etc.); to spread
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
eager; earnest; strenuous; fervent; assiduous; with utmost effort
to shake off; to shake free from; to swing completely (bat, club, etc.); to take a full swing; to break off from (pursuer); to pull away
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
anywhere; for all time; through thick and thin; come hell or high water; persistently; stubbornly
to chase; to run after; to pursue
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to curse; to put a curse on; to detest intensely
white hair; grey hair; gray hair
red eyes; bloodshot eyes; red-eye; red mullet (Chelon haematocheilus); facial gesture of pulling one's eyelid down and sticking out one's tongue
genealogy; lineage; family tree; pedigree