indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to choose; to select; to pick (out)
because; the reason is; if you want to know why
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
(not) a single person; (no) one
preferential treatment; special treatment; different treatment; express delivery; special delivery
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to desire; to want; to expect (of someone); to hope for; to see; to command (a view of)
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
in turns; in series; in order; by rotation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stay at (e.g. hotel); to be docked; to be berthed; to be moored
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
number one; first; best; most; game; round
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
bad; wrong; must not (do, be); should not; useless; no good; hopeless
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
to be worried; to be troubled
for example; for instance; e.g.
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
eeny, meeny, miny, moe; eenie, meenie, minie, moe
suitable; proper; appropriate; perfunctory; half-minded; sloppy
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case