influence; clout; leverage
fall; decline; lowering; deterioration; degradation
study; scholarship; learning; discipline; branch of learning; (a) science
education; schooling; training; culture; cultivation; education
medical care; medical treatment
field; sphere; realm; division; branch
through; throughout; through (the good offices of); by way of
enlightenment; instruction
(the) whole; as a whole; in general; at large
variety; kind; type; counter for kinds, species, etc.
precious stone; jewel; gem
group; bunch; crowd; group
from long ago; from old times; from time immemorial
gem; jewel; precious stone
mystery; mysteriousness; secret
(abstract) symbol; emblem; representation
prizing; valuing highly; esteeming
present day; modern times; recent times; early modern period (in Japan, usu. from the Meiji Restoration until the end of World War II)
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
manufacturing; processing; treatment; machining
invention; intelligent; clever; (arch.) making sense (of something); (arch.) understanding
depending on the circumstances; due to (with modifying verb)
various countries; various regions; various provinces
in one go; in one gulp; in one breath; immediately; instantly; right away
operation; functioning; running
principle; theory; fundamental truth
ancient civilization; ancient civilisation
to create; to bring forth; to invent; to think up and bring into being; to give birth to; to bear
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
analysis; analytical study; parsing; parse
human intellect; knowledge
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
stronghold; inner citadel; base; headquarters
speciality; specialty; subject of study; expert; area of expertise
not only ... (but also); not merely; as well as; furthermore; besides; moreover