to instigate; to incite; to spur on; to set (e.g. a dog after someone)
illegitimate child; bastard; love child
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
night-clothes; heavy kimono-like quilt
bamboo (any grass of subfamily Bambusoideae); middle (of a three-tier ranking system)
to be knotty (of a tree, etc.); to be gnarled; to be rough and bony (hands, fingers, etc.); to be gnarled; to be knobby
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
receiving; getting; eating; drinking; please (give me; do for me)
to come into contact with; to touch (each other); to have a brush with
cheerful; lively; lighthearted
merry voices (e.g. of children playing)
sea level; (surface of) sea
Kagoshima (city, prefecture)
having at one's mercy; trifling with; toying with; playing with; making a fool of; leading around by the nose
finally; after great pains; at last; just barely
(on the) sea; surface of the sea
peak; summit; ridge; back of a blade
small peninsula; cape; promontory; headland
deterioration; becoming decrepit; becoming worn out
Japanese nationality; Japanese citizenship
side or bottom of a ship; ship's hold; bottoms; shipping; tonnage; freight space
subtle; delicate; difficult; complex; doubtful; questionable
to trail (of smoke, clouds, etc.); to hang (of mist, haze, etc.); to lie (over); to linger; to flow (e.g. of hair in the wind)
Ming dynasty (of China; 1368-1644)
China under the Qing dynasty; Qing China; Qing dynasty
Ryukyu; chain of southwestern Japanese islands comprising Okinawa Prefecture
ship used in Japanese missions to Ming dynasty China
going in and out; entering and exiting; visiting regularly; frequenting; income and expenditure; incomings and outgoings; increase and decrease
fortunately; luckily; thankfully
entry into port; arriving in harbor
locals; local inhabitants
to attract interest; to arouse someone's interest
wokou; wakō; Japanese pirates who raided the Chinese and Korean coastlines between the 13th and 16th centuries