municipal railway; city streetcar; tram
laying (a railroad, pipes, naval mines, etc.); construction
railroad; railway; rail transport
Hokkaido (island, prefectural-level administrative unit)
coal mine; (coal) pit; colliery
wood (for building); lumber; timber
majestic; commanding; imposing; stately; dignified; with pomp and circumstance
(a person's) appearance from behind; person as seen from behind; back view; retreating figure
looter; thief at the scene of a fire; someone who takes advantage of a crisis to commit a crime
stronghold; fortress; strategic position; key position
mountain stream; valley; dale; wetlands; swamp; marsh
to (see and) choose; to select; to diagnose (as); to judge; to estimate; to liken (to)
to cut off; to lop off; to prune
eastern army (e.g. in a civil war); Eastern Army (at the Battle of Sekigahara)
the old feudal government; shogunate
extreme; excessive; terrible; intense; severe; serious
assault; violence; damaging (someone)
gooseberry; currant; plants from the Ribes genus
Movement for Civic Rights and Freedom (Meiji period); Freedom and People's Rights Movement
speaker of the lower house
false news; canard; fabricated news story; misinformation; fake news
hills and fields; countryside
rapid progress; radical progress
yak hair dyed red; red hair; frizzled fake hair; curly fake hair
to bend; to flutter; to wave; to yield to; to be swayed by; to bow to
seasonal greeting; conventional opening phrase in a letter, appropriate to the season
to open out (of a view, scenery, etc.); to spread out; to improve (of luck, prospects, etc.); to get better; to develop (of a town, civilization, etc.); to become civilized; to be sensible
how (beautiful, tasty, etc.); what a ...; nothing worth mentioning; nothing special; of what name
left side; left-hand side
eastern expedition; military campaign to the east