new translation; post-Xuanzang Chinese translation (i.e. mid 7th century onward)
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
castaway story (e.g. Robinson Crusoe); drifter's adventure tale
work (e.g. of art); production; harvest; cultivation; technique
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
translation; version (e.g. "English version")
incarnation; impersonation; personification; avatar
picture; drawing; painting; image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
wall iris; roof iris; Iris tectorum; fleur-de-lis
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
March; third month of the lunar calendar
ninth day of the month; nine days
bulky; massive; thick; heavy
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
undulation; winding; meandering; swell (of waves); surge; billow
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be mixed together; to be blended; to intermingle; to commingle
field of vision; visibility; view; visual field; (one's) ken
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to put up (a notice, sign, etc.); to hang out (e.g. a banner); to hold up high; to raise overhead; to tout (a principle, plan, etc.); to herald; to publish
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
several; a number of; quantity; amount; counting; figures; number
metre; meter; meter; gauge
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
storm; tempest; uproar; hullabaloo; storm (e.g. of protest)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
while; during; while; although; all; both