to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold up over one's head; to hold aloft; to hold over something; to hold (one's hands) out (e.g. towards a fire); to hold up to shade one's eyes, face, etc.
middle of summer; height of summer; midsummer
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
to look up at; to raise one's eyes; to look up to; to admire; to respect
average (normal, ordinary) year; every year; annually
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
10th day of the month; ten days
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
to swing one's arms greatly while walking; to act freely; to be brazen
glaringly; dazzlingly; blazingly
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
rising; ascending; climbing
overhead; above one's head; high in the sky
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence; power
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be scattered about; to disperse; to be littered (with)
other side; opposite side; other party
to be transparent; to show through
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to jump up; to spring up; to move around; to bounce up and down; to pound (of one's heart, e.g. with excitement); to throb
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
(many) trees; every tree; all kinds of trees
vivid; bright; brilliant; skillful; skilful; adroit
valley (with a river running through it); gorge; ravine; canyon
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
(many) mountains; very much (wanting to do something one cannot); greatly; so many; a lot of
to extend; to stretch out; to attend; to participate in; to enrol; to enroll
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
most specific part of an address; neighbourhood