flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
capital (esp. Kyoto, Japan's former capital); seat of government; capital (of music, fashion, etc.); city (e.g. of light); location of the Imperial Palace
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stand, walk, etc. shoulder-to-shoulder; to be on a par with
noted family; noble family; prestigious school, organization, business, etc.
resentment; grudge; malice; matter for regret; regret
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to flip; to snap; to repel; to use (an abacus); to calculate; to strum
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to roll up; to enfold; to swallow up; to involve; to drag into
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
first doing of ... (ever, in one's life, in the new year, etc.)
quarrel; brawl; fight; squabble; scuffle; argument
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
unhappiness; sorrow; misfortune; death (usu. of a relative); bereavement
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
public square; square; plaza; open space; clearing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
average; medium; mid-grade (item); regular grade; same level as; equal to
to suit; to match; to become; to be like
dirty; filthy; disordered; messy; indecent (language, etc.); dirty
to abuse (verbally); to curse at; to shout abuse at; to speak ill of
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
pup; puppy; whelp; damn dog; mutt
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
to come out; to fall out; to fade; to discolour; to wear a hole (e.g. clothes); to leave (e.g. a meeting); to be clear