treble; high singing voice
connection; relation; linkage
bestial; beastly; beast-like; brutal
grasp (of the situation, meaning, etc.); understanding; control; hold; grip
amplitude (of vibration); (degree of) instability; volatility; fluctuation
expansion; extension; magnification; enlargement; escalation; spread
ridding oneself; freeing oneself of; growing out of; overcoming; outgrowing
flowering; blooming; blossoming; flowering (of a civilization, talent, etc.); blossoming; blooming
uncivilized; uncivilised; undeveloped (land); unexplored (territory, field, etc.); unbloomed (flower)
hanging low (of clouds); remaining low (of sales, stock prices, etc.); remaining sluggish (of the economy, market, etc.); hovering (around a low level)
great emperor; ... the Great
sudden; abrupt; rapid; sharp; drastic; radical
change to ...; becoming ...; making into ...; -ization; -ification
modern state; modern nation
twentieth century; Nijisseiki pear (variety of nashi); Nijusseiki pear
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
confrontation; opposition; antagonism
Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815)
intellectual; educated person; intelligentsia
permeation (of thought, ideology, culture, etc.); infiltration (e.g. of ideas); permeation (of a liquid, etc.); soaking; osmosis
to content oneself with; to be resigned to (one's fate); to be contented (satisfied) with (one's lot)
blind (devotion, faith, etc.); reckless
oppression; suppression; pressure
Decembrist (19th century Russian revolutionary)
December; twelfth month of the lunar calendar
insurrection; mutiny; rebellion; revolt; uprising
commencing with; including
crushing to death; crushing (hope, freedom, etc.); suppression; quashing
Imperial Russia (1721-1917); Tsarist Russia
scholar of literature; literary person; man of letters; writer
opposition; resistance; insubordination; defiance; hostility; rebellion
luxurious; magnificent; extravagant; sumptuous
the people; citizens; the populace
present day; modern times; recent times; early modern period (in Japan, usu. from the Meiji Restoration until the end of World War II)