indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
(something) has never occurred; to have never done (something); such a thing has not happened; never happens; there is never a time when
futon; Japanese bedding consisting of a mattress and a duvet; round cushion used for Zen meditation (traditionally made of woven bulrush leaves)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
garden; yard; courtyard; field (of action); area
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
pole on which to hang laundry for drying; clothesline
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to air; to dry; to drain (off); to drink up; to deprive of a role, job, etc.
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to sink; to go under; to go down (e.g. sun); to set; to feel depressed; to become subdued
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
to harvest; to reap; to take in; to gather in; to adopt (e.g. idea); to accept (e.g. advice)
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to spread out; to lay out; to take a position; to impose widely (e.g. over a city)
correction; rectification; mending; repair
feel (i.e. tactile sensation); touch; feeling; sensation; texture (e.g. food, cloth)
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
imagination; supposition; guess
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
thump-thump; bang-bang; pit-a-pat; to beat fast (of one's heart); to throb; to pound
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
lightly (floating, drifting, etc.); buoyantly; soft; fluffy; unsteadily; flightily
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
in a daze; absent-mindedly; dimly; hazily; with a roar (of flames); with a whoosh
(with a) click (e.g. camera shutter); (with a) snap
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
blink (of eyes); wink; twinkling (of stars); flicker (of light); blink (of light)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)