water's edge; waterside; shore
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
fun school (usu. involving experiential learning in the outdoors)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
dawn (esp. from the 16th day of the lunar month onward); portable paper lantern for walking at night
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
lottery; lot; raffle; draw
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
interview (on television, in a newspaper, etc.)
walnut (Juglans spp., esp. Juglans regia)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
ball; sphere; bead (of sweat, dew, etc.); drop; ball (in sports); pitch (e.g. in baseball); pile (of noodles, etc.)
river; stream; River; the ... river
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
village headman; village mayor
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
why; how; for what reason
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
false strawberry (Duchesnea chrysantha); mock strawberry
snake; serpent; large snake
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
Java water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica); Japanese parsley
dish dressed with sesame sauce
bad(-tasting); unpalatable; poor; unskillful; ugly; unattractive
recorder (musical instrument); English flute
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
hooo-hokekyo (call of the Japanese bush warbler); chirp-chirp; tweet-tweet
to finger; to touch; to make changes to; to tinker with; to dabble in; to do as a hobby
(fictional) character; character; personality; persona
ongoing; in progress; afoot
freshwater black snail (Semisulcospira bensoni); marsh snail
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
crayfish (esp. the Japanese crayfish or red swamp crayfish); crawfish
athletic meet (esp. at a school); sports day; field day; sports festival