indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
when one was a very young child; very early in one's life
to happen to hear; to overhear
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
myself; yourself; I; me; you
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
really; truly; indeed; good grief
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
how do you do?; nice to meet you; adieu; farewell; bon voyage
how; in what way; how about
princess; daughter of a nobleman
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
(with a) click (e.g. camera shutter); (with a) snap
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
single word; a few words; brief comment
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
waking up; awakening; arousal; disillusion; disillusionment; awakening
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
Island; insula; island; islet
neighborhood; vicinity; environs; approaching
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
-less; lacking; non-existing
ruins (of a building, town, etc.); remains
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
strange; odd; peculiar; queer; curious
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
small room; closet; cubicle; booth; stall