first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
counter for stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
aeroplane; airplane; aircraft
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
poor (at); weak (in); not very good (at); not one's cup of tea; not one's favorite
oscillation; vibration; swing (e.g. of a pendulum)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become skilled in; to become experienced at; to become tame; to become domesticated
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at the same time as; while; as well as (multiple roles)
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
shackles; fetters; irons; bonds (e.g. family); ties; binding relationship
to be disconnected; to get out of place; to miss the mark; to get it wrong (e.g. guess, expectation); to be removed; to be excluded
sense; sensation; feeling; intuition
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to step firmly; to harden by treading
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
what is it (that); the meaning of something; what something is about
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
relief; reassurance; recognition of right to land ownership (by the shogunate, a feudal lord, etc.); (arch.) living safely surrounded by walls
than; from; out of; except; but; more
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
myself; yourself; I; me; you