to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
degeneration; decadence; deterioration; laxness; corruption
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
back street; back alley; off-street
to be sticky; to be stringy; to be glutinous
decomposition; putrefaction; putrescence; corruption; degeneracy; decay
to fill; to become full (of); to wax (of the moon); to rise (of the tide); to flow; to expire (of a period of time)
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
such; like that; that sort of; very
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
with the exception of; excepting; excluding
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to collapse; to crumble; to get out of shape; to lose one's shape; to break down; to be thrown into disarray; to crash (stock market)
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
back; reverse; rear side; height; stature; ridge (of a mountain)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to crouch; to squat; to cower
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
inside the breast of one's clothing (esp. kimono); bosom; space between one's chest and outstretched arms; (one's) reach; heart (e.g. of a mountain); bosom (e.g. of nature)
to approach; to draw near; to get close; to get acquainted with; to get closer to; to get to know
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to threaten; to menace; to frighten (into doing)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
blade; sword; forged blade; wavy pattern on forged blades; sharpness; unhulled rice
hut; shanty; hovel; house built directly into the ground with no supporting stones
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to stand (still) a while; to loiter; to stop
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
interval; break; pause; spare moment
to lay in stock; to replenish stock; to procure; to learn; to find out; to take in
poor-quality; low-quality; shoddy; low-grade
cavity; hollow; void; hollow (voice, smile, etc.); blank (eyes, look, etc.); vacant (expression, stare, etc.)