chief; main; principal; major
trend; tendency; movement; attitude
in parentheses; bracketed
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the number of people; many people; a large number of people; (counted as an) adult
old; former; the old; old things; old times; bygone days
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
abandonment; renunciation; resignation; abdication (responsibility, right)
remnant; residue; remaining; left-over
quantity; amount; volume; number; amount of money
Japanese zelkova (species of elm-like tree, Zelkowa serrata)
Minister of War (Zhou-dynasty China)
stabbing to death; putting out
present (e.g. government, administration); current; existing
(arch.) fruit; counter for fruit
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
one class; one set; a pair; a suite; a series
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
pupil; student; schoolchild
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
water's edge; beach; shore
by means of; due to; because of; according to
composition; formation; organization; organisation; compilation
vajra (indestructible substance); diamond; adamantine; thunderbolt; Indra's weapon; Buddhist symbol of the indestructible truth
operation; functioning; running
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
serious wound; serious injury
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
dining room; dining hall; cafeteria; restaurant; eatery; snack bar
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
good (quality, condition, etc.); Good (grade); B