indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
indication; sign; hint; tone (of the market)
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to perceive; to sense; to take in; to grasp; to feel
one's line of sight; one's gaze; one's eyes (looking); glance; gaze; look
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
side; edge; beside; while (doing); in addition to; at the same time
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
warehouse; storehouse; cellar; magazine; granary; godown
to raise one's face; to lift one's head; to raise one's eyes
how; in what way; how about; questionable
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
hall; saloon; spacious room; reception room
both ends; either end; both edges; double-mindedness; sitting on the fence
at regular intervals; evenly spaced
to stand up; to put up; to thrust into; to bury into; to make (a noise); to start (a rumour); to make
light; lamp; obsolete unit of luminous intensity (approx. 1.0067 candela)
to flicker; to quiver; to waver; to sway
those (near the second person)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
dimly; faintly; absentmindedly; vacantly; idly; aimlessly
to rise to the surface; to come to the front; to emerge (e.g. from obscurity); to stand out (e.g. against a dark background)
to float; to be suspended; to rise to the surface; to appear; to come to mind; to have inspiration
phantom; vision; illusion; extremely rare item