indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
than; from; out of; except; but; more
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
there is no need to ...; never happens; there is never a time when
don't you think?; indicates question
sale; offering for sale; release (for sale); launch (product)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
service; help; discount; discounted item; free service; freebie; service
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
social game; social network game
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
relatively; comparatively
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
explanation; commentary; exposition; elucidation
introduction; presentation; referral; listing
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
character; personality; (fictional) character; letter; character
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
such; this sort of; like this
play; recreation; play (theatre); performance; staging; praying
imagination; supposition; guess
such; like that; that sort of; very
time; hour; period; class
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic