indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
real; realistic; serious; non-joking; realtime blog; real world (cf. online games or social networking services)
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
in that way; thus; so; so?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
to accomplish; to fulfill; to carry out
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that
how; in what way; by what means
everyday; daily; ordinary; usual; routine; regular
topic; subject; much talked about; topical; in the news
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
close (e.g. in terms of relationship); intimate
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
student (esp. a university student)
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to leak out (a secret); to be exposed (a lie, improper behaviour, etc.); to be found out; to get away (of fish)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
go that far; to that extent
to mind (negative nuance); to care about; to worry; to pay undue (amount of) attention to (something)
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
it is not (like that) either
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
willingly; voluntarily; on one's own accord
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so