indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
loop; band; loop (programming); loop (railway line); time loop; temporal loop
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to decline (in prosperity); to become deserted; to become desolate; to taper off (of a sound)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to turn; to revolve; to visit several places; to function well; to pass a certain time
to go around; to return; to surround; to concern (usu. of disputes)
before long; soon; almost; nearly; finally; in the end
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to fade into dusk; to fade into twilight; to decline; to wane; to look melancholic (of a person)
cold; frigid; bracing; dignified
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to repeat; to do something over again
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
eternity; perpetuity; permanence; immortality
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
to fire (gun, arrow, questions, etc.); to shoot; to set free; to release; to emit (e.g. light); to give off (e.g. a scent)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
to turn pale; to lose color; to lose colour
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
time; hour; period; class
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
gondola (boat, esp. in Venice); gondola (hot-air balloon, airship, etc.); basket; scaffold (building); display shelf (shop)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during