indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
soon; before long; slowly; quietly; already; about time
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
branch; bough; limb; twig; sprig; spray
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to stand (up); to rise; to stand (in a position; of a person, tree, building, etc.); to be situated (in, on); to be (in difficulties, the lead, etc.); to put oneself (in a position or situation); to leave (to do something)
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
to breathe out; to exhale
ground; earth's surface; land; lot; plot
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
distance; range; difference (e.g. in opinion); gap; metric
about; roughly; generally; on the whole; completely; quite
metre (unit of length); meter; meter; gauge
a little less than; a little under; weakness; the weak; -lower (seismic intensity)
to grow thickly; to be overgrown; to thrive; to grow in abundance
leaf (of a tree); tree leaves; foliage
to interrupt; to obstruct (a view, someone's way, etc.); to block (light, wind, etc.); to intercept; to cut off
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
myself; yourself; I; me; you
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
difference; variation; difference
(confronting a problem, etc.) head-on; directly; outright; (lit.) from the front
to bump into; to run into; to encounter; to meet with; to clash (of opinions, people, etc.); to conflict
to be within one's capabilities; to be easy to chew
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
in this way; like this; this (much); so; uh; er
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to hide; to lie motionless in hiding
surprise attack; surprise visit; catching a person off guard
cowardly; craven; unfair; mean; sneaky
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
bad; wrong; must not (do, be); should not; useless; no good; hopeless