Emperor Shōwa (1901-1989, reigned 1926-1989); Emperor Showa; Emperor Hirohito
radio broadcast announcing acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration and the end of the war (recording of Hirohito; broadcast August 15, 1945)
skirmish; brush (with the enemy); small fight with a military enemy; squabble; quarrel; brief argument
noise (usu. unpleasant); interference (e.g. radio); static; gossip; irresponsible criticism
wartime fire; war; wartime destruction; horrors of war
great war; great battle; world war
casualties; the killed and wounded
all people; everybody; ten thousand people
private citizen; civilian
Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
incendiary bomb; firebomb
friend and foe; enemies and allies; both sides
(weather) front; front line; forward area; action zone
5,000,000; five million; (arch.) many
neighbour; neighbor; neighbourhood; neighborhood
sixth day of the month; six days
ninth day of the month; nine days
Hiroshima (city, prefecture)
throwing down; dropping; airdrop; investment
addition; increase; Canada
bomb; alcohol with liquor added (esp. wine-based shōchū highball, also beer with whiskey)
doer; performer; protagonist (in noh or kyogen); hero; speculator (in trading)
heavy damage; havoc; ravages
still; yet; more; still more; as ...; like ...
people; race; nation; ethnic group; ethnos
invitation; bringing over; bringing about; giving rise to; causing
complete destruction; demolition
to blaze down on; to beat down on; to shine down upon
small hill; low hill; hillock