language of the enemy (esp. English in Japan during WWII)
voluntary restraints; self-limitation
permeation (of thought, ideology, culture, etc.); infiltration (e.g. of ideas); permeation (of a liquid, etc.); soaking; osmosis
contiguous (of land); adjoining; adjacent; continuous (with); connected (without a break); seamlessly linked
rich person; wealthy person
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
educational or school system
reform; reformation; reorganization
establishment; founding; incorporation (of a business)
present; current; in operation
required subject; compulsory course
educational interface; the classroom; the chalkface
factory; plant; mill; workshop
last years; closing years; last days; closing days; end; last stage
labor service; labour service
to till; to plow; to plough; to cultivate
very great; enormous; serious
to diffuse; to spread throughout; to prevail; to become widespread; to reach everyone
betterment; improvement; kaizen (Japanese business philosophy of continuous improvement)
education; schooling; training; culture; cultivation; education
rebuilding; reconstruction; rehabilitation; protoform reconstruction
to learn; to study; to take lessons in
groundwork; foundation; inclination; aptitude; undercoat; first coat
spelling mistake (usually in a foreign language)
(not) very; (not) so; (not) very much; (not) particularly; (not) especially
trembling slightly; quivering softly; swaying gently; softly; springy
(time of) one's childhood; when one was a child
writing on someone's behalf
emergency demands; special procurement (particularly in time of war)
port city; harbor city; harbour city
diffusion; spread; popularization; promulgation; familiarization
large sum (of money); large amount; large denomination (banknote, etc.)
far beyond one's power; not at all equal; no match for
idiom; set phrase; idiomatic phrase
to master (e.g. a skill); to become accustomed to (e.g. a lifestyle); to acquire (e.g. a habit); to retain
spoken language; colloquial speech; (modern) spoken Japanese; written style based on (modern) spoken Japanese