to challenge (esp. in a lawsuit); to take on an opponent (in negotiations, contest, etc.)
puncture; flat tyre (tire); blowout; bursting; overflowing; being jammed (e.g. phone lines)
continuing one's education into university
to be transparent; to leave a gap
no more than; just; only; mere; goes no further than
to amass; to accumulate; to store; to leave unpaid
to settle down; to stay (for good); to stay long; to stay on
two dimensions; fictional (in relation to anime, manga, etc.); drawn; two-dimensional
unless (you do something)
rough (estimate, summary, etc.); broad; general; careless (e.g. work); sloppy; crude
25th day of the month; 25 days
Common Era; CE; Christian Era; Western (Gregorian) calendar
association; society; organization; organisation
headquarters; head office; main office
this and that; various things
Northern Europe; Nordic countries; Scandinavia
head of a school (of music, dance); head family of a school
Germanic race; Germanic peoples
uncle; old man; mister; manybar goatfish (Parupeneus multifasciatus)
namahage; folklore demon of the Oga Peninsula (people dress up as them on New Year's Eve to admonish children)
to enter (house, room, etc.); to step in
Tōhoku region (northernmost six prefectures of Honshu); Tohoku region
child (esp. a boy); viscount; founder of a school of thought (esp. Confucius); master; masters and philosophers (categorization of Chinese classical literature); (arch.) you; -er (i.e. man who spends all his time doing ...)
English-speaking world; English-speaking countries; Anglosphere
custom; convention; common practice; (arch.) becoming accustomed (to)
to take root (of a plant); to strike root; to root; to become established (e.g. of an idea, a movement); to take hold; to take root
Emperor Taishō (1879-1926, reigned 1912-1926); Emperor Yoshihito
citizen's holiday; by law, any weekday that falls between two other national holidays (e.g. September 22, falling between Respect the Elderly Day and the Autumn Equinox Holiday)
Second World War (1939-1945); World War II; WWII; WW2
sales battle; business competition
base; basis; base (e.g. military); depot; base; base bag
evergreen tree; (an) evergreen
model; prototype; archetype; (sewing) pattern
good fortune; happiness; blessing; good luck
decoration; ornament; trimmings
New Year's pine decoration
recent past; recent times; early modern period (Azuchi-Momoyama to Edo in Japan)