today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
older sister; elder sister
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
echo; reverberation; spirit of a tree; tree spirit
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
as one would expect; naturally; indeed; still; all the same; after all
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
ago; since; before; previous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
while; during; while; although; all; both
great (i.e. great-grandson, great-grandmother)
root (of a plant); root (of a tooth, hair, etc.); center (of a pimple, etc.); root (of all evil, etc.); source; one's true nature
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
to face; to go towards; to head towards
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
elder sister; effeminate man
very early in the morning; so early in the morning; at this ungodly hour
stairs; stairway; staircase
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
to greet; to call out (to); to invite; to get in touch (with); to cheer (on); to give vocal support (to)
door (Western-style, car, etc.)
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
trouble; hardship; difficulty; anxiety; worry; concern