ancient Japanese (as spoken in Japan until the Middle Ages)
expression in writing; written representation; notation; writing on the surface (e.g. an address on an envelope); inscribing on the face
personal identification number; PIN; password number
to be evident; to be obvious; to understand completely
reluctant; unwilling; involuntary; unintentional; unintended; unlooked-for
to hesitate to say; to mumble; to hem and haw; to falter
shadow (e.g. on someone's happiness); cloud; shade; gloom
good-for-nothing; spineless; gutless; spiritless; feckless; pluckless
strategic arrangement of go stones at the beginning of a game; opening moves; preparations; preparatory steps; arrangements
ornamental garden stone (placed to give a natural appearance); garden rock; sacrifice stones; sacrifice (of oneself, one's career, etc.); stones used in a foundation; riprap
to be doing; to be in the process of doing
it's no joke; gimme a break!
backward movement; reverse movement; going backwards; retrograde motion
image (in one's mind); impression; (computer) image; depiction (e.g. of a product); rendition
breaking down; defeating; abolishing
as likely as not; fifty-fifty; even match; tie
to breathe out; to breathe; to tell (a lie); to use (foul language); to vomit; to throw up
imagined landscape; scenery in one's mind's eye
adverse circumstances; unfortunate situation; adversity
to be enlivened; to be exhilarated; to be excited; to stand out; to contrast
noshi; long thin strip of dried abalone in folded patterned paper, attached to a gift
low rank; lower position; subordinate position; lower order (e.g. byte)
ancient script; ancient character; ancient alphabet
head; brains; intelligence
to sweep; to brush; to clean; to gather silkworms
good luck (in battle); may fortune be with you
sentence; composition; text; the literary arts (as opposed to the military arts); academia; statement
to fall behind; to lag behind; to be outdistanced; to be beaten
piling up; multiple layers
macroscopic; comprehensive; all-including; broad
(air) turbulence; turbulent air
head and body; heads tall (ratio of total height to length of the head); heads long
data processing; information processing
subjectivity; subject (philosophical); ego; one's personal opinion; one's own idea
outer surface; outside; outward appearance; manner (with others); demeanour