to row; to scull; to pedal (e.g. bicycle); to swing (on a swing); to operate a hand pump; to push through (deep snow, the jungle, etc.)
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
work (e.g. of art); production; harvest; cultivation; technique
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
warehouse; storehouse; cellar; magazine; granary; godown
picture; drawing; painting; image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
public telephone; pay phone
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to telephone; to make a phone call
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
envious; jealous; enviable (position, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
thump-thump; bang-bang; pit-a-pat; to beat fast (of one's heart); to throb; to pound
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
green; emerald green; green color of new foliage; verdure
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
homework; assignment; pending issue; unresolved problem; open question
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
bento; Japanese box lunch
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
to call for somebody; to come for someone; to pick someone up
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
mostly; ordinarily; probably; most; almost all; ordinary
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis