coarse; rough; crude; raw; unrefined
judging from appearances; to all appearances; from the looks of it; on the face of it; apparently; seemingly
Western-style clothes (cf. traditional Japanese clothes)
intimidating air; sense of intimidation
charm; fascination; glamour; glamor; attraction; appeal
dispute; argument; contention
hero; heroine; Eroica Symphony (Beethoven, 1804); Heroic Polonaise (Chopin)
national isolation; closing the country (to foreigners); sakoku; policy of national isolation enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate
various foreign countries; several foreign countries
to draw (water); to scoop up; to dip up; to understand (someone's feelings, etc.); to grasp; to surmise
to put on (another's shoes by mistake); to put (shoes) on the wrong feet; to mistake (one thing for another); to confuse; to have a mistaken idea of
knot; tying; bundle; lumping; conclusion; ending
stochastic; probabilistic
previous generation (of a family); previous head of the family; predecessor; previous age; previous generation
to take over; to obtain by transfer; to inherit; to buy; to purchase
to be fit (for a role); to be qualified (for); to be equal (to a task); to be able to fulfill one's duties (as)
to transfer (trains); to change (bus, train); to change (to another ideology, party, company, etc.); to switch (to a different system, method, etc.); to move on to (e.g. a new love interest)
at present; currently; so far; for now; for the time being
boorish; inelegant; unpolished; unromantic; tactless
to maintain; to continue to have
tiger (Panthera tigris); drunkard; drunk; sot
chic; smart; understanding; considerate; familiar with worldly pleasures (esp. sexual relations, geisha districts and red-light districts)
in a great quantity; plentifully; greatly
appraisal; estimation; evaluation; setting prices
to reach the point where ...; to come to ...; to come to be that ...; to start to ...; to begin to ...
(family) crest; coat of arms; pattern; figure; playing card suit (in karuta)
glamorous; charming; fascinatingly elegant; lovely; gorgeous; beguiling
Bizen (former province located in the southeast of present-day Okayama Prefecture)
Buddhist priest; monk; boy
another name; different name; synonym; alias; pseudonym; pen name
worldly desires; materialistic desires
great erudition; extensive knowledge; vast stock of knowledge
something long; useless things; white elephant; boondoggle
mayfly; ephemerality (of life); (arch.) dragonfly