illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
remote region; frontier (district); border(land)
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
previous day; day before; eve; prior day; preceding day
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
watchtower; observation tower; lookout
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
watch-keeping; guard; lookout
duty; function; office; mission; task
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
beginning; outset; first; onset
time bell; chime of a time bell
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
six o'clock; six periods of a day (morning, midday, afternoon, evening, midnight, late night)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
what is called; as it is called; the so-called; so to speak
night watch; night sentry
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
20 years old; (arch.) twenty
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
breastwork; parapet; fortress; parapet; chest wall
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
in addition; furthermore; above (which); on top of (which)
to turn up; to make an appearance; to put in an appearance; to drop by
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe