to wake up; to awake; to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to come to one's senses
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
(I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); (I) fancy (that)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
counter for the ichi-ni-san counting system (usu. directly preceding the item being counted); noun read using its on-yomi; counter for articles; indicates possessive (esp. in place names)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it,...; I mean
waste; scrap; garbage; scum; piece of trash; loser
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
number one; first; best; most; game; round
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
to abuse (verbally); to curse at; to shout abuse at; to speak ill of
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
to sprawl; to lie sprawled; to stretch oneself out; to lie relaxed on one's side
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes