illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
to blaze down on; to beat down on; to shine down upon
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
nakedness; nudity; bareness; nakedness; being penniless; concealing nothing
upper half of the body; upper body
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
dark red; dark brown; reddish brown
tanned by the sun and sea breezes
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
wharf; bridge; jetty; pier
force; vigor; influence; authority; impetus; momentum
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to take down; to bring down; to drop off (a passenger); to let off; to withdraw (money); to use for the first time; to wear for the first time
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
ship's captain; skipper; length of a ship; boatman
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
bridge (e.g. on a warship)
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to lie on one's back with legs outstretched; to recline; to get cocky; to be arrogant
slight bow (as a greeting or sign of gratitude); nod; salutation; consideration; thoughtfulness
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
jaw; chin; barb (of a fishhook)
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
to grimace; to make a wry face
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to laugh at; to ridicule; to mock; to make fun of; to sneer at
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
leg trip (in sumo, judo, etc.); foothold; pedal; indicates a consecutive period of time incl. incomplete days, etc. at the ends