illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
table; desk; counter for tables, desks, etc.; offering table before an altar (sometimes used in tea ceremony); tabletop incense burner
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
myself; yourself; I; me; you
eternity; perpetuity; permanence; immortality
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
there is no need to ...; never happens; there is never a time when
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
or; either ... or; maybe; perhaps; some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you