continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
western part; the west (of a region); the West (United States)
old; former; the old; old things; old times; bygone days
cause; seed; variety; kind; counter for varieties
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
town; city; municipal; urban
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to corner; to drive to the wall; to run down; to track down; to chase after
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
now; the present time; just now; another; more
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
sudden; lightning; immediate; shocking
dominion; territory; possession
recovery; rescue; recapture
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
eastern part; the east (of a region)
union; alliance; combination; RENGO (Japanese Trade Union Confederation)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
race; tribe; species; genus; stellar population (i.e. population I, II and III)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to tie up in a bundle (e.g. straw, hair, bills, letters); to bundle; to govern; to manage; to fold (one's arms); to put together (one's hands)
commonwealth; federation of states; confederation; union
leader (of an alliance); leading power
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to fit into (a box, frame, category, etc.); to be contained within; to settle down (into); to be installed (in one's rightful place); to settle into (one's position); to take up (a post)
of established reputation; fully established; (universally) recognized; acknowledged; leading
large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryo system)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
the other day; a few days ago
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
steady advance; carrying all before one
to lead; to spearhead (a group); to command (troops)
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
disappearance; running away; going missing; absconding
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
severe earthquake; violent tremor