pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
earth; soil; the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens); the ground; low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud); (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō)
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
myself; yourself; I; me; you
study; research; investigation
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do); intentionally; deliberately
to come and see (someone, something); to visit
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
how many years; how long; what year
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
black magic; sorcery; magic tricks; juggling
tool; means; ingredients (added to soup, rice, etc.); counter for sets of armor, utensils, furniture, etc.
notice; attention; observation
to gather; to collect; to assemble
a matter of course; what is to be expected; par for the course
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
while; during; while; although; all; both
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
attention; notice; care; caution; advice; warning
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
once; for a short time; briefly; (arch.) one morning
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
until now; so far; up to the present
empirical; from experience
time; hour; period; class
to pass; to elapse; to pass through; to go through; to experience; to go through
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)