indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
whispering; whisper; secret talk; murmur
redecoration; remodelling; remodeling; refurbishment
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fly; to soar; to jump; to leap; to spatter; to scatter; to hurry
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
loose; lenient; lax; gentle (curve, slope, etc.); slow; weak; soft
south wind; southerly wind; (arch.) summer
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
to rain incessantly; to downpour
bright (weather, mood, voice, etc.); clear; fine; beautiful; glorious; splendid
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
fluttering; flapping; (arch.) flickering (light, flame, etc.); frill; piece of thin material
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
just now; right now; at this moment
space; air; midair; (from) memory; (by) heart
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to fall (e.g. blossoms, leaves); to scatter; to be dispersed; to disappear; to dissolve; to spread
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
with a momentary flash of light
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
very young; little; childish; immature
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
messenger; envoy; emissary
to dance (orig. a whirling dance); to flutter about; to revolve