Völkerwanderung; great migration in Europe, 4th to 6th century CE
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
because; for; the reason why is ...
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
people; race; nation; ethnic group; ethnos
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (e.g. of a document)
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
Northern Europe; Nordic countries; Scandinavia
district; region; the country; countryside; civilian society
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
to spread; to be propagated
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
unit; denomination; credit (in school); in units of (e.g. "in thousands"); in amounts of
to divide (into); to split (into); to share; to distribute; to distinguish; to discriminate; to break up (a fight)
thinking; thought; idea; notion; intention; plan
farming; agriculture; cultivation
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)
settlement; permanent residency
basics; fundamentals; basis; foundation
settlement; village; community; (bacterial) colony
long and large; tall and large; grand; huge
hunting; harvesting (e.g. berries, fruit); picking; gathering
war; fighting; fierce competition
collision; crash; running into; conflict; quarrel; clashing
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
to have excess momentum (from going too fast, using too much force, etc.); to get carried away; to go overboard; to overdo (something)
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
to go smoothly; to turn out well; to do the trick; to have peaceful relations
given that ... it is only natural that ...; ... being the case, it is unavoidable that ...; (precisely) because ...; contrary to expectations ...
just (now); quite (near); unintentionally; subconsciously
to glide; to slide (e.g. on skis); to fail (an examination); to bomb (when telling a joke); to drop; to go down
to freeze to; to be frozen to; to freeze in place; to be still
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
rhyming game; play on words; pun
to memorize; to memorise; to commit to memory; to learn by heart; to bear in mind; to remember
advantage; point in favor; point in favour
dirt; filth; stain; blot; spot
silence; being silent; quiet; reticence; inaction
(animal) feed; fodder; pet food; bait; lure; enticement
force; vigor; influence; authority; impetus; momentum