if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
striking; remarkable; considerable
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
the height of folly; sheer stupidity
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
as many as one likes; as much as one likes; great many; plenty; almost (none); (not) much
to learn; to acquire knowledge; to carry; to wear (clothes, etc.); to put on
now (while the time is ripe); while one still can
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to grow long (e.g. hair, nails); to lengthen; to extend; to reach out; to hold out; to straighten; to smooth out
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
extremely important; essential; vital; crucial
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
common person; foolish commoner
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
to grow up; to become an adult
that; the matter in question
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
in that way; thus; so; so?
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
grandfather; old man; kyogen mask used for the role of an old man
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
pet saying; favorite phrase (favorite); stock phrase; manner of talking
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
now; the present time; just now; another; more
time; season; period; phase; stage
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already