indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
defeat; loss; reverse; setback
(if) by some chance; by some possibility; in the unlikely event that; (unlikely event of) emergency; the worst(-case scenario)
in preparation (for); in case (of); in the lead-up (to)
standing by; awaiting an opportunity; being on alert
my; one's own; personal; privately owned
to order; to command; to appoint
position; location; base; point; site
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
Chinese "star" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); Singapore
palace; tonic (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); ancient Chinese punishment (castration for men, or confinement for women); zodiacal sign
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
repatriation; return; (electrical) feedback
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
to be dyed; to be tainted; to be infected; to be stained
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
clothes; garment; gown; robe; coating (e.g. glaze, batter, icing)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to grimace; to make a wry face
to shout; to cry; to scream; to clamor (for or against); to clamour (for or against)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to joke; to jest; to make fun of; to laugh at; to romp; to gambol
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hero; the brave; man of valour (valor)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
bottom of one's heart; depths of one's mind; innermost thoughts; from the bottom of one's heart; wholeheartedly; truly
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
real intention; motive; true opinion; what one really thinks
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being