though; although; be that as it may; nonetheless
willingly; voluntarily; of one's own accord
to surround; to encircle; to enclose; to fawn over (someone); to play up to; to curry favor with
environment; surroundings; circumstances
emergency; extreme; great; extraordinary
to be visible; to be clear; to be evident; to be certain
to rule; to govern; to reign over; to subdue; to suppress; to quell
implication; nuance; shade of meaning; connotation
eastern direction; the Orient; eastern fighter in a match (e.g. sumo wrestling)
unbroken; uninterrupted; continuous
to belong to; to come under; to be affiliated with; to be subject to
turmoil; chaos; confusion
to carry to extremes; to go to the end of something; to reach the peak of something (e.g. luxury, hardships, etc); to be extremely (e.g. busy); to exhaust completely; to have nothing left (e.g. to say)
the south; southward; southern direction; countries in the south (esp. Southeast Asia and the pre-WWII South Pacific Mandate)
federation; federal state; United States of America
the north; northward; northern direction; northern part (e.g. of a country); northern district
the five elements (in Japanese philosophy: earth, water, fire, wind and void); five great wisdom kings
leader; boss; upper part of a flag; (Okinawa) bamboo poles with an attached vertical flag and an elaborate display at the top that are used during the annual fertility and thanks-giving festivals
rise (e.g. of a movement); emergence; rearing one's head; gaining prominence; coming to the fore; gaining power
few decades; many decades; several decades
to compete with; to vie for
to come off (of a button, handle, lid, etc.); to go away (of a fever, pain, swelling, etc.); to disappear; to be harvested; to be picked; to be interpreted (as); to be taken (as)
vigilantly (watching for an opportunity); eagerly; with an eagle eye
decline; degeneration; decay; waning; ebbing
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
economy; economics; finance; (one's) finances; being economical; economy
if that is the case; if it becomes so; when it becomes so
coming to a head; coming to the surface; becoming an issue; breaking
loss; damage; harm; disadvantage; handicap; drawback
accumulation; accumulate; store
to smoke; to smoulder; to be sooty; to be smoke-stained; to smoulder (e.g. a dispute); to smolder
explosion; detonation; blast; outburst (of emotion); explosion (e.g. of anger); eruption (e.g. of discontent)
occurrence; incidence; generation (of power, heat, etc.); production; ontogeny; development
water shortage; shortage of water supply
famine; crop failure; chronic shortage (e.g. of water)
epidemic; plague; pestilence
spread (e.g. of a disease); rampancy; infestation; proliferation; being widespread