indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
teatime; tea break; coffee break
cookie; biscuit; cookie (browser-related file sent from a WWW server)
deletion; elimination; erasure; striking out
arranged; taken care of; settled; completed; finished
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
incompetence; inefficiency; inability; incompetent person
thesis; essay; treatise; paper; article
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
together with; same; both; all; including ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be buried; to be covered; to be hidden
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
in that way; thus; so; so?
understanding; comprehension; appreciation; sympathy
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
study; research; investigation
cutting edge; leading edge; forefront; tip; end
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
admission; incorporation; enlistment; enrollment
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to do ... completely; to do ... entirely
freely; frankly; without reserve
restoration (to original state or location); reconstruction; reversion
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)