prefix for forming ordinal numbers
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
royal capital; imperial capital
to face; to go towards; to head towards
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; used for soft emphasis or to soften a statement or request; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
territory; dominion; grounds (e.g. school)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
familiar; well-known; regular (e.g. customer); old acquaintance; old friend; (a) regular
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
even if; no matter (what); if; though; although; supposing
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
the person in question; the person themselves; said person
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become skilled in; to become experienced at; to become tame; to become domesticated
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
great; excellent; distinguished; important; awful; terrible
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine