preface; foreword; introduction; beginning; start
(written) invitation; letter of invitation
one four-of-a-kind and one three-of-a-kind in a dealt hand; three and a four (in dice games)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
October; tenth month of the lunar calendar
last third of a month; 21st to the last day of a month
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
arranged; taken care of; settled; completed; finished
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
to pile up; to heap up; to stack up; to repeat many times over; to go through repeatedly; to accumulate
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take in one's hand; to pick up; to obtain
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
it seems that ...; it appears that ...; is like ...; is similar to ...
street stall; stand; booth
business; trade; operations; sales
permission; approval; authorization; license
to concern; to be related
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
recovery; undoing; recall
to be effective; to take effect; to work; to function well; to be possible (to do, use, etc.); to be able to
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
system; institution; organization; organisation
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
still more; even more; all the more; still less; even less
at the very beginning; first of all; first and foremost; before anything else
enforcement; implementation; putting into practice; carrying out; operation; working (e.g. working parameters)
May; fifth month of the lunar calendar