indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
leading part; leading actor; leading actress
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to choose; to select; to pick (out)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
original story (as opposed to a sequel, spin-off, etc.); main story; this volume; the movie (as opposed to the trailers; at a movie theater); feature film (main item in a cinema program); movie based on a TV series
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
all; completely; totally; entirely; thoroughly
thin (of an object); pale; light; watery; thin; weak (taste, etc.); little (affection, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
already; now; no longer; not any more
leaving out; omitting; skipping; (beating) in succession; in a row
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
legend; folklore; tradition
hero; heroine; Eroica Symphony (Beethoven, 1804); Heroic Polonaise (Chopin)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
what kind of; what sort of; what
details; particulars; longitude and latitude; warp and weft; warp and woof
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to reach the point where ...; to come to ...; to come to be that ...; to start to ...; to begin to ...
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to end; to come to an end; to finish; to complete; to finish doing; to be past its (one's) prime
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
to receive; to get; to accept; to take (someone's words or behaviour); to interpret; to understand
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch