exception; supernumerary; extra (e.g. performance, item, object, etc.); additional; outsize
compilation (of a text); editing; volume (of a text); completed literary work
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
senior (at school, work, etc.); superior; elder; older person; predecessor
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
guidance; leadership; instruction; shido (minor penalty in judo)
story; tale; talk; discussion
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
(staying) one night; overnight stay; overnight rental; per-night rental
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
one day; all day (long); the whole day; first day of the month
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
early evening (usu. from 3pm to 6pm); dusk
face; visage; look; (facial) expression; honor (honour); face; influence
to wash; to cleanse; to inquire into; to investigate; to purify (one's heart); to lave (e.g. shore)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be heard; to be audible; to sound (like); to come across (as); to be well known; to be famous
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to turn one's head; to look over one's shoulder; to turn around; to think back (on); to reminisce; to look back (on)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to stand (up); to rise; to stand (in a position; of a person, tree, building, etc.); to be situated (in, on); to be (in difficulties, the lead, etc.); to put oneself (in a position or situation); to leave (to do something)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
motionlessly (e.g. stand, wait); (be) still; fixedly (e.g. gaze, stare); intently (e.g. listen, think); patiently (e.g. endure); stoically
to stare (at); to gaze (at); to look hard (at); to watch intently; to fix one's eyes (on)
suffix for familiar person
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?